Risk Factors

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Some risk factors, such as age, sex and family history, can't be changed, whereas others, including weight, smoking and a poor diet, are under your control.

But having one or even several risk factors doesn't necessarily mean you'll develop cancer — most women with breast cancer have no known risk factors other than simply being women. In fact, being female is the single greatest risk factor for breast cancer. Although men can develop the disease, it's far more common in women.

Other factors that may make you more susceptible to breast cancer include:

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Age

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A personal history of breast cancer

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Genetic predisposition

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Radiation exposure

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Excess weight in upper part of body

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Late menopause

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First pregnancy at older age

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Birth control pills

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Mammographic breast density

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Precancerous breast changes (atypical hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma)

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I had mastectomy and tissue expander put in 4 years ago, then had infection 3 months later and had the implant removed, then had a Becker implant put

The DIEP flap method of breast reconstruction can only be performed a single time, whether it is one breast or both. Therefore, if a single breast is reconstructed with a DIEP flap and the other breast needs to be reconstructed in the future, a different type of reconstruction will have to be utilized. There are other flaps that can be used such as the TUG flap or SGAP, as well as the Latissimus flap with an implant. The other option, which has become increasingly popular, is to have a prophylactic mastectomy on the other side in order to have both breasts reconstructed simultaneously with the DIEP flap.

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What are some questions a woman should ask a plastic surgeon, before deciding on this reconstruction procedure?

What are the alternatives to the DIEP flap? (Including alternative microsurgical and non-microsurgical techniques.) Whether DIEP flaps are a significant part of the surgeons practice? (Since success rates are directly related to a surgeons experience.) What happens if the flap fails? (The national reported flap failure rate ranges from 3%-1dependingding on the type of flap performed.) How many additional surgeries will be necessary in addition to the DIEP flap? (At least one or more surgeries will be necessary in order to fine tune the appearance, as well as reconstruct the nipples in the final stage.)

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A DIEP flap is called a "free" flap breast microsurgery procedure. What is a "free" flap and how does microsurgery facilitate the success of a DIEP fl

The term "free flap" refers to the technique that utilizes the transposition of tissues a significant anatomical distance requiring the complete separation of the tissues from the donor site in order to move them to the recipient site. Microsurgery refers to the re-connection of tiny blood vessels by hand sewing them together or using a coupler device under a microscope. Free Flap Microsurgery is vital in the success of the DIEP flap since the muscle is not used (such as in the TRAM flap), the tissue is based on tiny vessels and must be moved a significant distance.

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